Forced circulation of the heat exchanger

In modern homes, the forced circulation system of the heat exchanger is most preferred. The main component of this system is the circulation pump.

The circulating pump sets the heat carrier in motion, creates circulation in the heating medium. It is powered by electricity. In case of power surges, installing a voltage stabilizer in the electrical panel to prevent device failure is necessary.

The circulation pump is selected based on the volume of the heat exchanger to be distilled and the required pressure. The calculation of these parameters depends on the length of the water circuit and the diameter of the pipes.

Circulation pumps can be divided into two types according to the position of the engine:

  1. Device with a dry rotor. These pumps got their name since the motors of these pumps do not meet the pumped water. They have high efficiency, but they have an increased noise level.

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  1. Wet rotor device. The rotor rotates in a coolant medium that lubricates the bearings and performs a cooling function — always mounted horizontally. Virtually silent. The efficiency is about 50%. The design can self-evacuate air during start-up. It consists of a cast-iron body containing an electric motor with an impeller (rotating part of various mechanisms, often with blades) mounted on the rotor.

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Consider possible breakdowns of the circulation pump. To ensure the natural circulation of the heat exchanger bypassing the circulation pump, a "bypass" is required:

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Installation diagram of the circulation pump through the "bypass"

1 - Main pipeline.

2 - Bypass.

3 - First-stage filter.

4 - Shut-off valves.

5 - Circulation pump.

It is recommended to install a circulation pump on the return pipe in front of the heating boiler since a lower temperature of the coolant will extend the pump's life.

Common schemes of closed heating systems with forced circulation of the heat exchanger

One-pipe heating system

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1 - Circulation pump.

2 - Heating boiler.

3 - Safety devices.

4 - Expansion tank.

5 - Heating radiator.

Pros:

Cons:

Two-pipe heating system

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1 - Circulation pump.

2 - Heating boiler.

3 - Safety devices.

4 - Expansion tank.

5 - Heating radiator.

Pros:

Cons:

Two-pipe heating system using a manifold

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1 - Circulation pump.

2 - Expansion tank

3 - Heating boiler.

4 - Safety devices.

5 - Distribution manifolds.

6 - Heating radiator.

In such a heating system, the supply and return pipes are supplemented with distribution manifolds, with the help of which the coolant is supplied. At the same time, each pipe extending from the collector feeds a small group of heating elements and installation of a water heat-insulated floor.

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Diaphragm expansion tank - designed so that when the coolant volume increases due to its heating, the coolant does not break the pipes but fills the expansion tank without air contact. It is used in a closed system.

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Necessary mandatory safety devices that will control the operation of a closed system. These safety devices are usually installed immediately after the boiler.

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  1. Pressure Gauge - Indicates the pressure in the system.
  2. Drain valve - Relieves excess pressure.
  3. Air vent - removes steam generated during overheating from the system.

Smaller pipe diameter can be used for a heating system with forced circulation of the heat exchanger than in a system with natural circulation. This allows you to reduce the cost of the heating system. Smaller pipes are easier to install.