The principle of operation is based on the difference in the thermodynamic characteristics of the heated and cooled heat-carrying fluid. A pressure difference is created in the supply and return lines, sufficient for the circulation of the heat-carrying fluid.
Serial connection of heating devices. If you turn off the heat-carrying fluid supply in the first radiator, then all subsequent radiators in the chain will also be turned off.
As the heat-carrying fluid passes through the pipes and radiators, the heat-carrying fluid cools down. The radiators located at the farthest point in the system receive less heat than the radiators at the beginning of the system.
Components:
1 - Heating boiler.
2 - Heat exchanger acceleration collector.
3 - Expansion tank (open) - used to compensate for thermal expansion (heating the heat-carrying fluid) or compensate for minor losses of the heat-carrying fluid. It is installed at the top of the system. It is also used for filling and replenishing the system with a heat-carrying fluid.
The disadvantage of an open expansion tank is that it contacts air. The heat-carrying fluid is saturated with air and can form in pipes airlocks that prevent the heat-carrying fluid from circulating normally. The heat-carrying fluid stagnates in the system, and heat transfer is disrupted. Oxygen oxidizes the metal, which causes corrosion of metal pipes.
4 - Fittings.
5 - Heating radiators.
6, 7 - Piping system on a slope.
One pipe is used to supply hot water to the radiator, and another pipe is used to remove chilled water.
The heat is distributed more evenly. It is possible to regulate the heat supply to each radiator individually.
Components:
1 - Converter of cold water to hot.
2 - Heat exchanger acceleration collector.
3 - Expansion tank (open).
4 - Fittings.
5 - Heating radiators.
6 - Heat supply pipe (inclined).
7 - Return pipe (with a slope).